The Economic Value of Sea Otters and Recreational Tourism in a California Estuary

The recovery of marine megafauna can lead to improved ecosystem function and services, but not all stakeholders may benefit equally. Quantifying the local economic value a species’ presence appeal broader range when developing conservation strategies. This study aims examine effect recreational activities have on region, determine what role southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis) had visitors placed visit area’s preservation. We surveyed Elkhorn Slough, small estuary in California known for diverse wildlife, modeled direct indirect contributions economics, evaluated perceptions area wildlife. Annually, contributed approximately $3.2 million (USD) spending, with an additional $1.85 gains, which could support over 300 full-time, part-time, seasonal jobs region. Whether were observed during trip influenced how ranked their importance, perceived otters. Combined, this quantified contribute economies that play visitor’s about visit. These results provide benefits species at scale. discuss these types studies be used as part larger management plans, particularly considering expansion.